[93] The Republic of Florence also appears as a playable nation in Paradox Interactive's grand strategy game Europa Universalis IV. World History Quiz: Renaissance. Were the members of the Medici Family. Gros crin de soie naturelle, très résistant, employé pour la pêche à la ligne. The main bus station is next to Santa Maria Novella railway station. Florence's desire to have a career in medicine was reinforced when she met Elizabeth Blackwell at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London. Dante. Florence Nightingale: Nurse to the World. The former Italian Prime Minister (2014–2016), Matteo Renzi, served as mayor from 2009 to 2014. It is the only bridge in the city to have survived World War II intact. The Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty was restored on the throne of Tuscany at the Congress of Vienna but finally deposed in 1859. Get ready to prove what you know about the geography (and history) of Europe with this quiz. The city, located about 145 miles (230 km) northwest of Rome, is surrounded by gently rolling hills that are covered with villas and farms, vineyards, and orchards. The genre of the Madrigal, born in Italy, gained popularity in Britain and elsewhere. Despite Latin being the main language of the courts and the Church in the Middle Ages, writers such as Dante Alighieri[88] and many others used their own language, the Florentine vernacular descended from Latin, in composing their greatest works. Scholars still marvel that this small city of moneylenders and cloth makers without much political or military power rose to a position of enormous influence in Italy, Europe, and beyond. Since then the bridges have been restored to their original forms using as many of the remaining materials as possible, but the buildings surrounding the Ponte Vecchio have been rebuilt in a style combining the old with modern design. The Treaty of Florence was signed on March 18, 1801 between France and the Kingdom of Naples. While Florence Nightingale is most known as a nursing pioneer, she was also a trailblazing statistician whose prowess for numbers literally saved lives. Florence definition: a city in central Italy , on the River Arno in Tuscany : became an independent republic... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Kassell, Richard. These tickets may be used on ATAF and Li-nea buses, Tramvia and second-class local trains only within city railway stations. Another theatre is the Teatro Comunale (or Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino), originally built as the open-air amphitheatre, the Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele, which was inaugurated on 17 May 1862 with a production of Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor and which seated 6,000 people. [56] In 2015, Condé Nast Travel readers voted Florence as the best city in Europe. Tap to unmute. Spell. 1990. [28], Florence has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), tending to Mediterranean (Csa). Cosimo was succeeded by his son Piero, who was, soon after, succeeded by Cosimo's grandson, Lorenzo in 1469. There are two other important stations: Campo di Marte and Rifredi. In addition to the Medici collection, the palace's galleries contain many Renaissance works, including several by Raphael and Titian, large collections of costumes, ceremonial carriages, silver, porcelain and a gallery of modern art dating from the 18th century. By contemporary Florentines (and since), he was known as "Lorenzo the Magnificent" (Lorenzo il Magnifico). She was raised in the Anglican faith, and believed the God called her to be a nurse. Florence has been a setting for numerous works of fiction and movies, including the novels and associated films, such as Light in the Piazza, The Girl Who Couldn't Say No, Calmi Cuori Appassionati, Hannibal, A Room with a View, Tea with Mussolini, Virgin Territory and Inferno. Nearby is the Uffizi Gallery, one of the finest art museums in the world – founded on a large bequest from the last member of the Medici family. Duchy of Florence 1532–1569 Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions. Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions . Other churches in Florence include the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, located in Santa Maria Novella square (near the Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station) which contains works by Masaccio, Paolo Uccello, Filippino Lippi and Domenico Ghirlandaio; the Basilica of Santa Croce, the principal Franciscan church in the city, which is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres (2,600 feet) south east of the Duomo, and is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Rossini, thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie); the Basilica of San Lorenzo, which is one of the largest churches in the city, situated at the centre of Florence's main market district, and the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III; Santo Spirito, in the Oltrarno quarter, facing the square with the same name; Orsanmichele, whose building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele, now demolished; Santissima Annunziata, a Roman Catholic basilica and the mother church of the Servite order; Ognissanti, which was founded by the lay order of the Umiliati, and is among the first examples of Baroque architecture built in the city; the Santa Maria del Carmine, in the Oltrarno district of Florence, which is the location of the Brancacci Chapel, housing outstanding Renaissance frescoes by Masaccio and Masolino da Panicale, later finished by Filippino Lippi; the Medici Chapel with statues by Michelangelo, in the San Lorenzo; as well as several others, including Santa Trinita, San Marco, Santa Felicita, Badia Fiorentina, San Gaetano, San Miniato al Monte, Florence Charterhouse, and Santa Maria del Carmine. Rather, ten times, die in the surf, heralding the way to a new world, than stand idly on the shore. Terms in this set (61) Define Renaissance . (On dit aussi crin de Florence.) For centuries thereafter, however, Paris dominated the world of fashion. 10th Grade. Other local railways connect Florence with Borgo San Lorenzo in the Mugello area (Faentina railway) and Siena. The Uffizi is located at the corner of Piazza della Signoria, a site important for being the centre of Florence's civil life and government for centuries. Florence Nightingale was so respected in the field of nursing that she was tapped to consult with the British Army. Area 40 square miles (104 square km). In 1200 the city was home to 50,000 people. Flashcards. These peripheral zones grew to dominate the city centre, creating a kind of “open urban system”—and a vast and successful industrial district—that stretched northwest to Prato and southeast as far as Arezzo. [66] In 2015, Mayor Dario Nardella expressed concern over visitors who arrive on buses, stay only a few hours, spend little money but contribute significantly to overcrowding. bills of exchange,[19] double-entry bookkeeping system) to medieval fairs. [37] In 1982, the historic centre of Florence (Italian: centro storico di Firenze) was declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO. Elle n'a été qu'une simple bourgade jusqu'au XIIe siècle, début de son essor économique et artistique qui dura jusqu'au XVIe siècle. Histoire, tradition art et culture caractérisent la ville de Florence. The city’s water supply has also served as an asset, however, making possible the washing, fulling, and dyeing of cloth, resulting in the development of a major industry. Over 8,000 American students are enrolled for study in Florence.[102]. Overview of Florence, widely regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance. In the archaeological museum includes documents of Etruscan civilisation. After the year 1600, Italian trends prevailed across Europe, by 1750 it was the primary musical language. 366,901. While he values the benefits of tourism, he claims that there has been "an increase among those who sit down on church steps, eat their food and leave rubbish strewn on them," he explained. Term. [21] The Black Death of 1348 reduced it by over half,[22][23] about 25,000 are said to have been supported by the city's wool industry: in 1345 Florence was the scene of an attempted strike by wool combers (ciompi), who in 1378 rose up in a brief revolt against oligarchic rule in the Revolt of the Ciompi. Niccolo Machiavelli, Italian Renaissance political philosopher, statesman, and secretary of the Florentine republic. [5] It is considered by many academics[6] to have been the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called "the Athens of the Middle Ages". Such include the Boboli Gardens, the Parco delle Cascine, the Giardino Bardini and the Giardino dei Semplici, amongst others. There are times when, in terms of elections, there just doesn’t seem to be any choice. The Chianti region is just south of the city, and its Sangiovese grapes figure prominently not only in its Chianti Classico wines but also in many of the more recently developed Supertuscan blends. Similarly, t between vowels is pronounced [θ] as in English thin, and p in the same position is the bilabial fricative [ɸ]. [94] Among the desserts, schiacciata alla fiorentina, a white flatbread cake, is one of the most popular; it is a very soft cake, prepared with extremely simple ingredients, typical of Florentine cuisine, and is especially eaten at Carnival. Florence Nightingale is the most recognized name in the field of nursing. Most of these courses are generally served with local olive oil, also a prime product enjoying a worldwide reputation. Kingdom of Etruria 1801–1807 [60] The city's convention centre facilities were restructured during the 1990s and host exhibitions, conferences, meetings, social forums, concerts and other events all year. The city additionally contains the Orthodox Russian church of Nativity, and the Great Synagogue of Florence, built in the 19th century. Les porteuses du prénom Florence donnent quant à elles une note moyenne de 4,1/5 à leur prénom (437 votes). Florentine (fiorentino), spoken by inhabitants of Florence and its environs, is a Tuscan dialect and the immediate parent language to modern Italian. Train tickets must be validated before boarding. Huge satellite towns such as Scandicci grew to rival the centre of Florence itself. Généalogie : Comment retrouver vos ancêtres et créer votre arbre généalogique sur Geneanet ? Watch later. Antipasti include crostini toscani, sliced bread rounds topped with a chicken liver-based pâté, and sliced meats (mainly prosciutto and salame, often served with melon when in season). Florence Nightingale: Death and Legacy. Leading sectors included mechanical engineering, fashion, pharmaceutics, food and wine. Son ambition est de dépasser les compartimentages nationaux et de « rechercher les connexions, les interactions ou … Florence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was a nurse who contributed to developing and shaping the modern nursing practice and has set examples for nurses who are standards for today’s profession. STUDY. Shortly before leaving Florence, as they knew that they would soon have to retreat, the Germans executed many freedom fighters and political opponents publicly, in streets and squares including the Piazza Santo Spirito. Cards Return to Set Details. Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo), Florence. Picture galleries in Florence include the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace. Omissions? The Florentines, tired of his extreme teachings, turned against him and arrested him. Ap World History Chapter 23. [105][106][107][circular reference], The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Firenze, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 59 min. They are filled with the creations of Donatello, Verrochio, Desiderio da Settignano, Michelangelo and others. Some of these industries even rivalled the traditional industrial districts in Emilia-Romagna and Veneto due to high profits and productivity. These were some of the largest and richest cities in all of Europe. C'était un important point de relais pour les pèlerins qui se rendaient à Rome ou en revenaient par la Via Francigena. There are several other theatres, such as the Saloncino Castinelli, the Teatro Puccini, the Teatro Verdi, the Teatro Goldoni and the Teatro Niccolini. https://www.britannica.com/place/Florence, UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Florence, Italy, Official Site of the City of Florence, Italy, Florence - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Florence - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Take a walk through the streets of Florence and explore the enthralling art, culture, and tradition of the city, Florence: Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, Explore the tourist interiors and historic exteriors of Florence, Italy, Tour the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance to see the Ponte Vecchio “living bridge” on the Arno River, Take a historical and cultural trip to Siena and Florence in Tuscany, Experience Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance. Florence’s position as a major crossroads between Bologna and Rome made the city vulnerable to attack. Cherchez des exemples de traductions Histoire de Florence dans des phrases, écoutez à la prononciation et apprenez la grammaire. This large Romanesque crenellated fortress-palace overlooks the Piazza della Signoria with its copy of Michelangelo's David statue as well as the gallery of statues in the adjacent Loggia dei Lanzi. [10] The value tourism to the city totalled some €2.5 billion in 2015 and the number of visitors had increased by 5.5% from the previous year. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 percent (minors) and 19.94 percent (pensioners). [10] However, traditional and local products, such as antiques, handicrafts, glassware, leatherwork, art reproductions, jewellery, souvenirs, elaborate metal and iron-work, shoes, accessories and high fashion clothes also dominate a fair sector of Florence's economy. 114). This call came to her in February 1837 while at Embley Park. [90] The book specified a new term, in use by the 1630s, called monody which indicated the combination of voice and basso continuo and connoted a practice of stating text in a free, lyrical, yet speech-like manner. Sources Match. Following Lorenzo de' Medici's death in 1492, he was succeeded by his son Piero II. One of the bridges in particular stands out – the Ponte Vecchio (Old Bridge), whose most striking feature is the multitude of shops built upon its edges, held up by stilts. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.1 km, while 3% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[108]. There are several different churches and religious buildings in Florence. His most famous work is The Prince (Il Principe), which brought him a reputation as an atheist and an immoral cynic. At the height of demographic expansion around 1325, the urban population may have been as great as 120,000, and the rural population around the city was probably close to 300,000. Florence Nightingale - Nursing Theorist. [69], Food and wine have long been an important staple of the economy. Grout, Donald Jay, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. The first line began operation on 14 February 2010 and connects Florence's primary intercity railway station (Santa Maria Novella) with the southwestern suburb of Scandicci. The private school, Centro Machiavelli which teaches Italian language and culture to foreigners, is located in Piazza Santo Spirito in Florence. sergio_rodriguez482. Flashcards. [70], Florence was the birthplace of High Renaissance art, which lasted from 1450 to 1527. PLAY. During the 14th–16th century, Florence achieved preeminence in commerce, finance, learning, and especially the arts. During this period, the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola had become prior of the San Marco monastery in 1490. It was politically, economically, and culturally one of the most important cities in Europe and the world from the 14th to 16th centuries. It has a collection of Russian icons and works by various artists and painters. The dome, 600 years after its completion, is still the largest dome built in brick and mortar in the world. During 2015, permanent employment contracts increased by 48.8 percent, boosted by nationwide tax break. Find out what rhymes with Florence. He was convicted as a heretic and burned at the stake on the Piazza della Signoria on 23 May 1498. You're signed out. Florence is believed to have the greatest concentration of art (in proportion to its size) in the world. Read here to learn more about Niccolo Machiavelli. Son projet phare est le Fonds pour l’éducation … More recently, the Bolgheri region (about 150 km (93 mi) southwest of Florence) has become celebrated for its "Super Tuscan" reds such as Sassicaia and Ornellaia. HISTORY OF FLORENCE including Roman colony, Republican Florence, Bankers to Europe's kings, Florence's patrons, Pater patriae, Florence, city of learning, Lorenzo the Magnificent, Piero and exile, Savonarola, The Medici and Tuscany Trenitalia runs trains between the railway stations within the city, and to other destinations around Italy and Europe. It is surrounded by rolling hills that are covered with villas, vineyards, and orchards. These made the Florentines rebel, and they expelled Piero II. Florence is known as the "cradle of the Renaissance" (la culla del Rinascimento) for its monuments, churches, and buildings. Local spoken language. The buildings there are works of art abounding in yet more works of art, and the splendours of the city are stamped with the personalities of the individuals who made them. Ostrogothic Kingdom 493–553 [10], The language spoken in the city during the 14th century came to be accepted as the model for what would become the Italian language. The Teatro della Pergola, located in the centre of the city on the eponymous street, is an opera house built in the 17th century. However, at the last moment Charles Steinhauslin, at the time consul of 26 countries in Florence, convinced the German general in Italy that the Ponte Vecchio was not to be destroyed due to its historical value. In other words, Machiavelli was a political thinker, perhaps most renowned for his political handbook, titled The Prince, which is about ruling and the exercise of power. Giulio Caccini's book Le Nuove Musiche was significant in performance practice technique instruction at the time. Total Cards. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Its hills offered some protection, but the citizens nonetheless felt compelled to erect imposing walls during the period 1285–1340; although the walls were largely torn down during urban expansion in the 1860s, their former presence remains clearly visible in a girdle of roads around the original city. Restored twice with the support of both Emperor Charles V and Pope Clement VII (Giulio de Medici), the Medici in 1532 became hereditary dukes of Florence, and in 1569 Grand Dukes of Tuscany, ruling for two centuries. [41] The Uffizi is one of these, having a very large collection of international and Florentine art. 12/08/2013 . [67], Some tourists are less than respectful of the city's cultural heritage, according to Nardella. [82][83] In front of it is the medieval Baptistery. J.-C., près du fleuve Arno. Florence first emerged as a republic in the early 12th century. The Middle Ages : an illustrated history by Barbara A. Hanawalt. La ville de San Gimignano delle belle Torri est située en Toscane, à 56 km au sud de Florence. Including New York University, Marist College, Pepperdine, Stanford, Florida State and James Madison. March of Tuscany 1002–1115 Individual tickets, or a pass called Carta Agile with multiple rides, are purchased in advance and must be validated once on board. The best-known site of Florence is the domed cathedral of the city, Santa Maria del Fiore, known as The Duomo, whose dome was built by Filippo Brunelleschi. PLAY. Il portale Italiano della Meteorologia", "World Weather Information Service - Florence", "Florence, Italy - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data", "Florence, Italy – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data", "Historic Centre of Florence – UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "Florence Art Tours, Florence Museums, Florence Architecture", "Touring Club Italiano – Dossier Musei 2009", Chinese immigrants to Italy build no ordinary Chinatown, "Economy of Florence twice the national average – The Florentine", "Florence, Italy: Tourist Travel Guide for Holidays in Florence, Firenze, Italy", "15 Best Things to Do in Florence, Italy", Tourists spend more than ever before on cultural destinations, "Study Abroad in Florence Italy – Florentine artisan courses for school groups", "Florence's Uffizi leading the pack in terms of visitors' numbers, after the Colosseum and Pompeii", https://hvs.com/Print/In-Focus-Florence-Italy?id=7942, "Florence: A Record Year for the Tourism Industry – .TR", "Euromonitor International's Top City Destinations Ranking", "Where in Europe are you Most Likely to be a Victim of Pickpocketing? Such include the Via Camillo Cavour, one of the main roads of the northern area of the historic centre; the Via Ghibellina, one of central Florence's longest streets; the Via dei Calzaiuoli, one of the most central streets of the historic centre which links Piazza del Duomo to Piazza della Signoria, winding parallel to via Roma and Piazza della Repubblica; the Via de' Tornabuoni, a luxurious street in the city centre that goes from Antinori square to ponte Santa Trinita, across Piazza Santa Trinita, characterised by the presence of fashion boutiques; the Viali di Circonvallazione, 6-lane boulevards surrounding the northern part of the historic centre; as well as others, such as Via Roma, Via degli Speziali, Via de' Cerretani, and the Viale dei Colli.