The Organization of American States (Spanish: Organización de los Estados Americanos, Portuguese: Organização dos Estados Americanos, French: Organisation des États américains, Dutch: Organisatie van Amerikaanse Staten), or the OAS or OEA, is an international organization that was founded on 30 April 1948 for the purposes of solidarity and co-operation among its member states within the Western Hemisphere. Secretariat for Administration and Finance, The Committee on Juridical and Political Affairs, The Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Affairs, The Committee on Inter-American Summits Management and Civil Society Participation in OAS Activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organization_of_American_States&oldid=1011952002, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1961: Charter of Punta del Este signed, launching the, 1991: Adoption of Resolution 1080, which requires the Secretary General to convene the. The Organization of American States (OAS) is the world's oldest regional organization, dating back to the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C., from October 1889 to April 1890. [38][41], After Zelaya's return to Honduras in 2011, the country was re-admitted to the Organization on 1 June 2011 with 32 votes in favor and 1 (Ecuador) against. Konferencje Konsultacyjne Ministrów Spraw Zagranicznych są kolejnym organem OPA. Ecuador's Foreign Minister Fander Falconí said there will be no such conditions. 2011: OAS lifts the suspension of Honduras with the return of Manuel Zelaya from exile. Article 51 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly,[48] the supreme body of the OAS, which meets once a year, states that English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish are the four official languages. [45][46][47], The Organization's official languages are Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English. The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. At that meeting the establishment of the International Union of American Republics was approved. And that crisis could be worsened by hardline leadership at the Organization of American States (OAS), the world’s oldest and most influential regional organization. The pursuit of regional solidarity and cooperation again came to the forefront in 1889–1890, at the First International Conference of American States. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide. It was the first application of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, which had been adopted at the OAS on July 29, 1960. The states are represented at its sessions by their chosen delegates: generally, their ministers of foreign affairs, or their appointed deputies. The General Assembly's powers include setting the OAS's general course and policies by means of resolutions and declarations; approving its budget and determining the contributions payable by the member states; approving the reports and previous year's actions of the OAS's specialized agencies; and electing members to serve on those agencies. still hold: for instance, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights continued to publish reports on Cuba's human rights situation and to hear individual cases involving Cuban nationals. Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons. Treaties are formed when lawful representatives of several states go through a ratification process, providing the IGO with an international legal personality. The current government of Cuba was excluded from participation in the Organization under a decision adopted by the Eighth Meeting of Consultation in Punta del Este, Uruguay, on 31 January 1962. The OAS is the premier multilateral forum in the Western Hemisphere. The meeting was attended by foreign ministers from 21 American nations, including Cuba, which at that time had not yet been expelled from the inter-American system. Sekretarz Generalny wraz z Sekretariatem Generalnym pełnią główne funkcje administracyjno-techniczne. Our research found no reason to suspect fraud", "The OAS Accusation of Electoral Fraud Against Evo Morales is Bullshit — And Now We Have the Data to Prove It", "CHARTER OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (A-41)", "Resolution on the Situation in Venezuela", "OAS recognises Guaido's envoy until new Venezuela elections held", Canada and the Organization of American States, Canada and the OAS: A Vigorous Partnership, "Six Report on the Situation of Political Prisoners in Cuba", "The Situation of Human Rights in Cuba: Seventh Report", "Mexico Calls for Cuba's Reinstatement into the OAS", "Cuba will never rejoin 'imperialist' OAS, says Castro", "U.S., Cuba trade warm words ahead of summit", "Declaration of the Revolutionary Government", "OAS expels Honduras' membership over coup", "Organisation of American States suspends Honduras over coup", "Venezuela says it will quit Organization of American States", "Tarre Briceño, primera designación gubernamental de la AN", "OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development", "Montenegro Gains Observer Status to Organisation of American States", Amendments to the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly, Information on the use of language at the OAS: multilingualism, Conseil supérieur de la langue française, "Organization of American States: Background and Issues for Congress", "US Members of Congress Call for Investigation of OAS Role in Destroying Bolivian Democracy", "Opinion | How the OAS and US Just Helped Overthrow Another Government", "Data from Bolivia's Election Add More Evidence That OAS Fabricated Last Year's Fraud Claims", "Opinion | The OAS helped undermine, not restore, democracy in Bolivia", OAS Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, OAS Executive Secretariat for Integral Development (SEDI), OAS Foreign Trade Information System – SICE, Cuba's Fidel Castro Calls OAS a "U.S. Trojan Horse". [2][3], Headquartered in the US capital, Washington, DC, the OAS has 35 members, which are independent states in the Americas. [20][21][44], As of 31 January 2014, there are 69 permanent observer countries including the four countries with territory or territories in the Americas—Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom; as well as the European Union. Cookies help us deliver our services. During the Cold War, the United States hoped the OAS would be a bulwark against the spread of communism. All countries, including the United States and Haiti, broke off diplomatic relations with the Dominican Republic. [55] Argentinian president-elect Alberto Fernández was critical “what happened in Bolivia is a shame, the behavior of the OAS is shameful because the audit the OAS held is significant in its flimsiness and has conclusions that are absolutely manipulated.”[53], This article is about the international organization. [19] During this period, the country did not plan on participating in the OAS. Strengthening democracy: Between 1962 and 2002, the Organization sent multinational observation missions to oversee free and fair elections in the member states on more than 100 occasions. Venezuela expressed some reservations. Ang mga aktibidad ng European Union ay sumasakop sa patakarang publiko, patakarang ekonomiko sa ugnayang panlabas, tunggulan, pagsasaka, at kalakalan 8. Gathered together in Washington, D.C., 18 nations resolved to found the International Union of American Republics, served by a permanent secretariat called the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics (renamed the International Commercial Bureau at the Second International Conference in 1901–1902). [50], The OAS has received criticism for its role in delegitimizing Latin American governments hostile to the United States, both from members of Congress,[51] activists[52] and its own members. [42], On 28 April 2017 Venezuela notified the OAS of its denunciation of the Charter of the OAS, which as per Article 143 would lead to the withdrawal of Venezuela from the OAS effective two years from the date of notification. The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States consists of six secretariats. The General Assembly is the supreme decision-making body of OAS. As of 26 May 2015, its Secretary General is Luis Almagro.[4]. Although a number of other languages have official status in one or more member states of OAS (Dutch in Suriname; Haitian Creole alongside French in Haiti; Quechua and Aymara in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia; Guaraní in Paraguay), they are not official languages of the Organization. The Rules of Procedure and Statutes of other bodies, such as the Inter-American Council for Integral Development (CIDI), the Permanent Executive Committee of the Inter-American Council for Integral Development (CEPCIDI), the Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM), the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD), the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Juridical Committee (CJI), technical bodies of the OAS, also mention the four official languages in which their meetings are to be conducted. Grade 8 Organization of American States Ang Samahan ng mga Estadong Amerikano o Organisasyon ng Amerikanong mga Estado (Organization of American States, OAS o OEA sa iba pang tatlong mga wikang opisyal nito) ay isang pandaigdigang samahang nakabase sa Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos. On 28 April 2017 Venezuela notified the OAS of its denunciation of the Charter of the OAS, which as per Article 143 would lead to the withdraw of Venezuela from the OAS effective two years from the date of notification. This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 19:37. Stała Rada z siedzibą w Waszyngtonie, jest organem kierującym bieżącymi sprawami organizacji, składa się z ambasadorów państw członkowskich. These references are to be found in the Rules of Procedure governing the various OAS bodies. Upon foundation in 1948, there were 21 members, most of them in Latin America: The later expansion of the OAS included Canada and the newly independent nations of the Caribbean. It has all thirty-five independent nations of the Americas as its members.. For its work Organization of American States (OAS) uses four languages: English language, French language, Portuguese language, and Spanish language. It convenes once every year in a regular session. [1] Since the 1990s, the organization has focused on election monitoring, but has faced significant criticism for alleged cooperation in tandem with US foreign interests. The Organization of American States in Haiti: Election Monitoring or Political Intervention? W 1969 podpisano Amerykańską Konwencję Praw Człowieka (zaczęła obowiązywać w 1978 r.)[2]. An intergovernmental organization or international organization is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organizations. "That suspension was made in the Cold War, in the language of the Cold War. This meeting was attended by representatives of Gran Colombia (comprising the modern-day countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela), Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, The United Provinces of Central America, and Mexico but the grandly titled "Treaty of Union, League, and Perpetual Confederation" was ultimately ratified only by Gran Colombia. Policy is therefore dictated through these instruments that require use of the four official languages at meetings.[49]. At that meeting the establishment of the International Union of American Republics was approved. The notion of an international union in the New World was first put forward during the liberation of the Americas by José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar[5] who, at the 1826 Congress of Panama (still being part of Colombia), proposed creating a league of American republics, with a common military, a mutual defense pact, and a supranational parliamentary assembly. The Organization of American States (OAS in English; OEA in the other three official languages) is an international organization based in Washington, D.C. pokojowe regulowanie sporów między państwami członkowskimi. Organisation des États américains) – utworzona w 1948 r. na IX Międzyamerykańskiej Konferencji w Bogocie jako kontynuacja Unii Panamerykańskiej utworzonej w 1910 r. Członkami OPA są wszystkie państwa Ameryki, poza terytoriami państw Europy (np. Significant milestones in the history of the OAS since the signing of the Charter have included the following: In the words of Article 1 of the Charter, the goal of the member nations in creating the OAS was "to achieve an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence." Zgromadzenie Ogólne jest najwyższym organem OPA. Henry IIKim Mauring. IGOs are established by a treaty that acts as a charter creating the group. That this incompatibility excluded the present Government of Cuba from participation in the inter-American system. [34], On 3 June 2009, foreign ministers assembled in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, for the OAS's 39th General Assembly, passed a vote to lift Cuba's suspension from the OAS. Weszła ona w życie, gdy 13 grudnia roku 1951 Kolumbia, jako czternaste państwo złożyła dokumenty ratyfikacyjne, co sprawiło, że spełniony został warunek ratyfikowania Karty OPA przez 2/3 sygnatariuszy. "[35] The suspension was lifted at the end of the General Assembly, but, to be readmitted to the Organization, Cuba will need to comply with all the treaties signed by the Member States, including the Inter-American Democratic Charter of 2001. [38] The de facto government had already announced it was leaving the OAS hours earlier; this was not, however, taken into account by the OAS, which did not recognize that government as legitimate. Ito ay itinatag para sa panrehiyong pagkakaisa at kooperasyon sa mga estadong miyembro nito. Składa się z przedstawicieli wszystkich państw wchodzących w skład organizacji. In special circumstances, and with the approval of two-thirds of the member states, the Permanent Council can convene special sessions. The transition from the Pan American Union to OAS would have been smooth if it had not been for the assassination of Colombian leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. Zmieniono wtedy strukturę OPA, szczególnie zaś jej organy, nadając im kształt obecny. Paggamit sa en.wikipedia.org Organization of American States; 1948 in the United States; User:Epiclyfe666/sandbox; Inter-American Commission of Women; Paggamit sa es.wikipedia.org Cuzco; Quito; Barranquilla; Santo Domingo; Ciudad de Panamá; Santiago de Chile; Organización de los Estados Americanos; Guadalajara (México) Brasilia; Estado Anzoátegui; Colima (Colima) The current Secretary General is former Uruguayan minister of foreign affairs Luis Almagro. Since 1960, the Cuban administration had repeatedly characterized the OAS as the "Ministry of Colonies" of the United States of America. Bolívar's dream of inter-American unity was meant to unify Hispanic American nations against external powers. Fact Sheet U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States Washington, DC April 8, 2008 Organization of American States. "This is a new proposal, it has no conditions—of any kind," Falconí said. The Organization of American States (OAS) is the world's oldest regional organization, dating back to the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C., from October 1889 to April 1890. To meet the challenges of global conflict in the postwar world and to contain conflicts within the hemisphere, they adopted a system of collective security, the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) signed in 1947 in Rio de Janeiro. … Według sformułowań tzw. Organization of American States (OAS) 9. [53] Their conclusions on Bolivia in 2019 were deemed contradictory and likely fabricated by the CEPR, with statistical analysis from academics at MIT, Tulane and University of Pennsylvania questioning their results. of poverty and inequality in Latin America (and in the United States) are high. Jej członkami jest obecnie 35 państw (zgodnie z informacjami na oficjalnej stronie Organizacji Państw Amerykańskich): https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organizacja_Państw_Amerykańskich&oldid=61106188, licencji Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach, Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność. Working for peace: Special OAS missions have supported peace processes in, Fostering free trade: The OAS is one of the three agencies currently engaged in drafting a treaty aiming to establish an. Isang pangkontinental na organisasyon ang Organization of American States (OAS) na binuo noong ika-30 ng Abril 1948. XX w. w organizacji politycznie dominowały Stany Zjednoczone, w późniejszym czasie OPA wprowadziło politykę bardziej niezależną, czego dowodem są rezolucje popierające Argentynę podczas kryzysu falklandzkiego (1982 r.) oraz potępiające interwencje USA w Panamie w 1989 r. Pod auspicjami OPA zawarto w 1967 r. układ z Tlatelolco tworzący bezatomową strefę w Ameryce Łacińskiej, czyli obszar na którym obowiązuje zakaz produkcji, przetrzymywania i wykorzystania broni jądrowej. The ninth International Conference of American States was held in Bogotá between March and May 1948 and led by United States Secretary of State George Marshall, a meeting which led to a pledge by members to fight communism in the western hemisphere. Zgromadzenie określa politykę i główne kierunki działania OPA, nadzoruje jej współpracę z innymi organizacjami, zatwierdza budżet oraz wybiera Sekretarza Generalnego OPA. OPA funkcjonuje jako organizacja regionalna ONZ. To provide for common action on the part of those states in the event of aggression. The Director General of the former, Alberto Lleras Camargo, became the Organization's first Secretary General. All independent nations of the Americas are members of the OAS, except for Cuba. The General Assembly asks for contributions from each member country based on its capacity to pay. [7] The experience of World War II convinced hemispheric governments that unilateral action could not ensure the territorial integrity of the American nations in the event of external aggression. Ang Samahan ng mga Estadong Amerikano o Organisasyon ng Amerikanong mga Estado (Ingles: Organization of American States, OAS o OEA sa iba pang tatlong mga wikang opisyal nito) ay isang pandaigdigang samahang nakabase sa Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos. Established: April 14, 1890, as the International Union of American Republics. Organization of American States, hiszp. Became the Pan American Union in 1910, then the Organization of American States in 1948 with the adoption of the OAS Charter in Bogotá, Colombia. And Now Second Thoughts", "The New York Times Admits Key Falsehoods That Drove Last Year's Coup in Bolivia: Falsehoods Peddled by the U.S., Its Media, and the Times", "Analysis | Bolivia dismissed its October elections as fraudulent. Isang republikang pederal ang Estados Unidos ng Amerika (EUA) (Ingles: United States of America o USA) na may limampung (50) estado at isang distritong pederal.Matatagpuan sa kalagitnaan ng Hilagang Amerika ang karamihan sa mga estado nito kung saan mayroong sariling pamahalaan ang bawat isa na naaayon sa sistemang pederalismo.Mayroong tatlong lupang hangganan ang Estados Unidos kung … Organization of American States in British English noun an association consisting of the US and other republics in the W hemisphere, founded at Bogotá in 1948 to promote military, economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the member states That the present Government of Cuba, which has officially identified itself as a Marxist-Leninist government, was incompatible with the principles and objectives of the inter-American system. a.Organization of Islamic Cooperation(OIC) c.ASEAN b.European Union(EU) d.Organization of American States(OAS) 12.Anong organisasyong internasyonal na pinagkatiwalaang mamahala sa pandaigdigang sistema sa pananalapi. It was founded in 1948 by the United States and 20 Latin American nations to serve as a forum for addressing issues of mutual concern. To seek the solution of political, judicial, and economic problems that may arise among them. [50] Although the organization's goals and day-to-day activities are still generally consistent with U.S. policy toward the region, the U.S. government has struggled to obtain support from other member states on some high-profile issues. Organization of American States, hiszp. The penalty was motivated because the foreign ministers checked the veracity of the claim that the Rafael Trujillo regime had sponsored an attack against Rómulo Betancourt, at that time, constitutional president of Venezuela. wspieranie współpracy gospodarczej, kulturalnej i społecznej. "[37], Following the expulsion of its President Manuel Zelaya, Honduras' membership of the Organization was suspended unanimously at midnight on 5 July 2009. 30 kwietnia 1948. What we have done here is fix a historic error. At the fourth International Conference of American States (Buenos Aires, 1910), the name of the organization was changed to the Union of American Republics and the Bureau became the Pan American Union. W ramach OPA działała również Organizacja Państw Ameryki Środkowej, która usamodzielniła się w 1961, a także działały różne międzyamerykańskie organizacje gospodarcze. To achieve an effective limitation of conventional weapons that will make it possible to devote the largest amount of resources to the economic and social development of the member states. In 2018 the General Secretariat's budget was $85 million of which the US contributed $50 million. Organización de los Estados Americanos, port. In 2017 the US contributed $17 million to the fund for specific programmes which was almost a third of the total contributions for that year.[17]. In 2004–2005, Canada was the second largest contributor to the OAS, with an annual assessed contribution representing 12.36 percent of the OAS Regular Budget (US$9.2 million) and an additional C$9 million in voluntary contributions to specific projects. The United States' government historically has sought to use the OAS to advance economic, political, and security objectives in the Western Hemisphere. Organização dos Estados Americanos, franc. The Organization of American States has no juridical, factual, or moral jurisdiction, nor competence, over a state which it has illegally deprived of its rights. Additionally an economic blockade that affected the exports of sugar was applied, which at that time was the pillar of the Dominican economy. Są to: Karta była czterokrotnie nowelizowana w latach 1967, 1985, 1992 i 1993, z czego najdonioślejsze zmiany przyniosła pierwsza z tych reform. [38][40][41] The suspension of Honduras was approved unanimously with 33 votes (Honduras did not vote). Bolívar's dream soon floundered with civil war in Gran Colombia, the disintegration of Central America, and the emergence of national rather than New World outlooks in the newly independent American republics. The Organization of American States (OAS) is the world's oldest regional organization, dating back to the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C., from October 1889 to April 1890. Ano-ano ang pangunahing layunin ng spanya sa pagpapadala ng ekspedisyon? Its stated priorities now include the following: The Organization of American States is composed of an Organization of American States General Secretariat, the Permanent Council, the Inter-American Council for Integral Development, and a number of committees. Marguerite Groves (Coordinator, Division of Language Services, OAS), Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Conference of American States, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, Charter of the Organization of American States, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, economic, social, and cultural development, Executive Secretariat for Integral Development, Secretariat for Multidimensional Security, Inter-American Telecommunication Commission, General Assembly of the Organization of American States, Member states of the Organization of American States, President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Flag of the Organization of American States, "Opinion | The Organization of American States Is Eroding Faith in Democracy", "As a Uruguayan is poised to head the OAS, questions swirl about Venezuela", "League of Nations in Americas urged by 3 Latin states", "The OAS Accusation of Electoral Fraud Against Evo Morales Is Bullshit — And Now We Have the Data to Prove It", "The Organization of American States in Haiti: Election Monitoring or Political Intervention? These two bodies, in existence as of 14 April 1890, represent the point of inception to which the OAS and its General Secretariat trace their origins. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation has 57 members, 56 of which are also member states of the United Nations, the exception being Palestine.Some members, especially in West Africa and South America, are – though with large Muslim populations – not necessarily Muslim majority countries.A few countries with significant Muslim populations, such as Russia and Thailand, sit as Observer States. ", "A Bitter Election. The OAS's position was that although Cuba's participation was suspended, its obligations under the Charter, the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, etc. Zgodnie ze sformułowaniami Karty Organicznej (zwanej także Kartą OPA lub Kartą z Bogoty) do zadań OPA należy: W Karcie zostały także zapisane zasady, którymi się ma kierować organizacja. IX Konferencja uchwaliła także Amerykańską Deklarację Praw i Obowiązków Człowieka[1], wyprzedzając o osiem miesięcy powstałą w tym samym roku Powszechną Deklarację Praw Człowieka. With a Venezuelan opposition leader declaring himself the country’s president and the Trump administration appearing to back a coup, Venezuela is lurching toward a new phase of crisis. Jej statutem jest Karta Organiczna podpisana 30 kwietnia 1948 r. w Bogocie przez wysłanników 21 państw. Strona internetowa. [38][41] This was the first suspension carried out by the OAS since that of Cuba in 1962. The meeting also adopted the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, the world's first general human rights instrument. Mayroon itong tatlumpu't limang mga kasaping (34 kung hindi kasama ang Honduras) nagsasariling mga … [36] A statement issued by the Cuban government on 8 June 2009 stated that while Cuba welcomed the Assembly's gesture, in light of the Organization's historical record "Cuba will not return to the OAS. Utworzenie. Ang Organisasyon ng mga Bansang Nagluluwas ng Langis o Organisasyon ng mga Bansang Nagluluwas ng Petrolyo, kilala sa Ingles bilang Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) ay isang organisasyong pandaigdig.Magmula pa noong 1965, nasa Vienna, Austria ang punong-tanggapan nito.